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There are many different types and styles of stained glass; however, they all consist of primarily of silica sand with a bit of soda ash and lime. The glass is considered as a supercooled liquid as they look solid when it’s in its rigid state, but it doesn’t possess the internal crystalline structure of solids. Art Glass comes in many different color and texture combinations to obtain creative vision with the stained glass project.
Full-antique
It is handmade using glassblowing techniques; characterized by its vibrant coloring, translucency, and surface striations; it varies in color, uniformity and has trapped air pockets and bubbles.
Semi-antique
It is a machine-made, translucent of one single color, surface striations, with consistent thickness.
Architectural
Smooth on one side, textured on the other; usually clear; 4mm to 6mm thick; some patterns are available in amber or bronze.
Cathedral
It is translucent, often a single color; machine rolled or mouth-blown.
Craquel
A full-antique glass that is set in cold water, causing an exterior layer of glass to crack, creating a surface alligator-like pattern.
Flashed
Antique glass; and has a second color layer on top of the base color, which can be detected by sandblasting or acid etching away parts of the top layer to produce a design.
Fractures and streamers
Confetti glass has shards of colored glass and thin glass rods connected to a clear or opal base sheet; used by Tiffany to represent distant foliage in window panels and for lamps.
Glue chip
Animal hide glue is used to cathedral glass that has been sandblasted on one side, then set in a warming oven; as the glue dries, it rips away flakes of glass from the sheet’s surface, producing a pattern.
Iridescent
Cathedral or opalescent glass; surface coated with an ultra-thin layer of metallic salts during manufacturing to create the glittering finish.
Mirror
Pieces of colored art glass and clear float glass (usually semi-antique) glazed with a reflective silver backing to make the mirror effect.
Opalescent
It has a milky, luminesce appearance, two or more color combinations, and often used in stained glass lamp shades.
Opaque
It transmits little light; one or more colors swirled together. Opaque is a popular choice for producing stained glass mosaics.
Ring mottled
The hand-cast opalescent glass comes with a hazy surface covering small circular patterns within the glass. They are used in glass mosaics, Tiffany-style lampshades, and nature theme window panels.
Seedy
Cathedral glass with a smooth surface and small air bubbles dispersed everywhere.
Streaky
Swirls of 2 or more colors combined but not blended.
Textured
Hammered, herringbone, moss, crystal ice, granite, ripple, muffle, ribbed, cube, fibroid, and flemish textures are done by art glass manufacturers.
Bevels
Angled border about 1/2 in wide is ground and done on the upper side edges of a transparent glass piece to refract light.
Jewels
Gem-like pieces of pressed glass, usually faceted; and is available in a selection of colors and shapes.
Glass nuggets
Small pieces of glass, irregular in size and shape, sometimes called globs.
Rondels
It is translucent round pieces of glass made by spinning molten glass on the edge of a glassblower’s punty rod.